TCMTB binding and antifungal activity in wet-blue leather / W. M. Fowler in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 74, N° 4 (07-08/1990)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 74, N° 4 (07-08/1990) . - p. 107-115 Titre : TCMTB binding and antifungal activity in wet-blue leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : W. M. Fowler, Auteur ; Alan E. Russell, Auteur Année de publication : 1990 Article en page(s) : p. 107-115 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The uptake and antifungal activity of 2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole (TCMTB) active ingredient from emulsion dispersions ob Busan 30L on chrome-tanned wet-blue leather has been investigated at treatment temperatures of 10°, 25°, 40° and 55°C. At lower fungicide treatment concentrations, binding tended to follow a typical mass-action type binding isotherm, increasing slightly with temperature up to 40°C. At higher float concentrations, an inflexion point was apparent beyond which uptakes showed marked increase with concentration. This inflexion point signifying a change in binding characteristics, occurred at progressively lower concentrations with increasing temperature. Antifungal activity in terms of storage periods ton onset of fungal growth was determined on the wet-blue cuttings immetiately after treatment and drainage and also on sample discs after exhaustive extraction of free TCMTB using dichloromethane. Storage performance testing of the various treated wet-blue leathers was carried out by three methods, namely moist incubation at 22°C with re-inoculation, potato dextrose agar embedding with incubation at 22°C and humidity chamber exposure testing at 30°C. Residual protective periods showed a curvilinear increase with dosage offer and surface uptake of TCMTB. In the low dosage range up to 0.1 % fungicide offer, treatment temperature had only a relatively slight effect in promoting TCMTB uptake and improving storage protection. At higher dosages, the influence of temperature on uptake and storage protection was greater due to the increase in surface deposition of TCMTB at the elevated temperatures. Only a proportion of the TCMTB uptake was recovered by direct solvent extraction of the treated wet-blue. At higher treatment concentrations and temperatures, which have a destabilising effect on float emulsions, residual recoveries of TCMTB by solvent extraction remained relatively high, consistent with more ready removal of superficially deposited TCMTB from the leather surfaces by the solvent. Solvent extraction of the treated wet-blue reduced storage margins, but in terms of the moist storage test, storage response in relation to TCMTB content was comparable after extraction, indicating that both bound an interstitial TCMTB in the leather offered effective protection. Comparison of the various storage performance tests indicated that dosage-storage response was poorer under conditions of continuous fungal exposure in the humidity chamber and potato dextroses agar tests compared with moist incubation, especially after surface extract of TCMTB. Results of the study provide a further insight into the mode of interaction of TCMTB emulsion dispersion with wet-blue leather, the importance of emulsion stability in practical application and the role of bound and unbound fungicide in antifungal activity. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gw4dO-ZRoEd_d0tBmcIo6ct7HIO7XDXh/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8665 [article]

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Temperature and pH effects on the hydrolisis of commercial polyphosphates used in the Liritan process / W. M. Fowler in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXI (Année 1986)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXXI (Année 1986) . - p. 356-368 Titre : Temperature and pH effects on the hydrolisis of commercial polyphosphates used in the Liritan process Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : W. M. Fowler, Auteur ; I. H. Kruger, Auteur Année de publication : 1986 Article en page(s) : p. 356-368 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Polyphosphate pretanning is a part of the Liritan system of vegetable tanning. The effects of temperature and pH on the average chain length of solutions of two commercially used polyphosphates were studied. Thirty commercially available polyphosphates were analysed to determine their pH, total P2O5 content and average chain length (n). These are important factors which influence phosphate pretanning within Liritan process since they affect the subsequent vegetable tanning operation. Hydrolysis of the phosphate polymer causes a reduction in its chain length and it was found that both high temperatures and low pH conditions increased the rate at which polyphosphates were hydrolysed. The survey of commercial sodium hexametaphosphates showed there were only small variations in pH values but a wide range was found in the average chain length which varied from n = 6.9 to 21.2. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VKUFa25MngayntAdTLQ-pB7WaS-HW6Q5/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9218 [article]

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The binding of TCMTB (busan 30L) to hide powder / W. M. Fowler in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXV (Année 1990)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXXV (Année 1990) . - p. 243-263 Titre : The binding of TCMTB (busan 30L) to hide powder Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : W. M. Fowler, Auteur ; A. E. Russel, Auteur Année de publication : 1990 Article en page(s) : p. 243-263 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The uptake of 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB) active ingredient from emulsion dispersion of Busan 30L on both limed and lightly chromed hide powder at treatment temperatures of 10°, 25° and 40°C has been investigated. Fungicide uptake was determined by difference measurements on the float at regular intervals during treatment. At lower fungicide treatment concentration on both chromed and limed hide powder, binding tended to follow a typical mass-action-type binding isotherm with very little change with temperature between 13 and 40°C. At higher float concentrations on chrome hide powder an inflexion point was apparent beyond which uptakes showed a further marked increase with concentration. This inflexion point signified a change in binding characteristics,but was not as marked on limed hode powder indicating that the chrome present played a major role in promoting the different binding mechanism. The binding isotherms observed were consistent with mass-action-controlled interactions occuring between collagen or chromed collagen or chromed collagen fibres and dispersed TCMTB in the aqueous emulsion treatments, encompassing the practical lower application range used in production. At higher treatment concentrations, progressive destabilisation of the emulsion occured, leading to surface precipitation of TCMTB/surfactant components onto the hide-powder fibres and a pronounced increase in uptake. The results of the study provide further insight into the modes of interaction of TCMTB with the hide-powder-collagen matrix and the importance of the emulsion dispersion and its stability in determining uptake of fungicide by leather. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1e1u10HVBgUKW-dRPDEDWsbsbxnapo2iS/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8685 [article]

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The effect of antiseptics and fungicides used in the leather industry on domestic sewage purified by activated sludge treatment / W. M. Fowler in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 70 (Année 1986)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 70 (Année 1986) . - p. 22-23 Titre : The effect of antiseptics and fungicides used in the leather industry on domestic sewage purified by activated sludge treatment Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : W. M. Fowler, Auteur ; S. G. Shuttleworth, Auteur Année de publication : 1986 Article en page(s) : p. 22-23 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Antifongiques Antiseptiques Boues d'épuration Cuirs et peaux Eaux usées Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1EdbdGKBaUk8jWH2XSEKqkpDUmFGB43kU/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9196 [article]

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The extraction and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of TCMTB samples of treated wet blue / W. M. Fowler in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. N° 71 (Année 1987)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. N° 71 (Année 1987) . - p. 100-107 Titre : The extraction and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determination of TCMTB samples of treated wet blue Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : W. M. Fowler, Auteur ; Alan E. Russell, Auteur ; I. H. Kruger, Auteur ; S. C. Pinchuck, Auteur Année de publication : 1987 Article en page(s) : p. 100-107 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The efficiency of extracting 2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole (TCMTB) with dichloromethand from treated wet blue samples was investigated and the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method of determining the extracted TCMTB is described. Of the methods investigated, the most efficient procedure for TCMTB extraction was found to be sonication in boiling dichloromethane for 30 min followed by a 7.5 h soxhlet extraction. Using this method, TCMTB was extracted from wet blue treated at various concentration levels and containing different moisture contents. The amount of TCMTB increased with the amount offered during treatment, although not linearly. The amount extracted increased when the moisture content was lowered by sammying. The actual efficientcy of extraction method was determined in a mass balance experiment in which all masses and volumes were carefully monitored. The average extraction efficiency in treatments up to 0.25 % (m/m) fungicide offered in a 100 % float was 82 % of the total wet blue TCMTB content. An attempt was made to determine the ratio between the interstitial and the bound TCMTB which could have a bearing on the activity of the fungicide. After 30 days, less than 10 % of the TCMTB was present in the interstitial fluid. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1t3tK8Y4oqZUftBT1PQKIqstUBSKGHBnB/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9161 [article]

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