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Application of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR and NIR) in vegetable tanning process control / Trinitat Canals in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 97, N° 3 (05-06/2013)
Titre : Application of infrared spectroscopy (FTIR and NIR) in vegetable tanning process control Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Trinitat Canals, Auteur ; Josep Maria Morera, Auteur ; Felipe Combalia, Auteur ; Esther Bartoli, Auteur Année de publication : 2013 Article en page(s) : p. 93-100 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Fourier, Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de
Mimosa et constituants
Qualité -- Contrôle
QuebrachoLe quebracho est un arbre à écorce ligneuse, mesurant 30 mètres de haut, à feuilles tannées et à fleurs tubulées blanches.
Quebracho est l'un des noms communs, en espagnol, d'au moins trois espèces similaires d'arbres originaires du Gran Chaco, en Amérique latine : Schinopsis lorentzii (quebracho colorado santiagueño), de la famille des Anacardiaceae ; Schinopsis balansae (quebracho colorado chaqueño), de la même famille ;
Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco (quebracho blanc), de la famille des Apocynaceae.
Ces trois espèces sont riches en tanin et fournissent un bois très dur, particulièrement résistant. Leur nom provient de l'espagnol quiebrahacha, qui signifie brise-hache.
Réflexion totale atténuée
Spectroscopie infrarouge proche
Tannage végétal -- AnalyseIndex. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : The tanning industry is currently influenced by the globalization of international markets. Competitiveness among industries has increased substantially. This therefore results in the need to further control the tanning processes in order to adjust each process thus preventing potential manufacturing errors. To avoid compromising production, controls must be performed in the least possible time.
In the case of vegetable-tanned leather the official method for determining the `degree of tannage' or `connbined tannins' parameters is not directly from a single standardized test method. The procedure to obtain these parameters involves performing several independent analyses and these present several drawbacks. The process is slow, involves the use of pollutants and the reproducibility of results depends on the experience of the analysts who perform the test. Consequently, the determination is infeasible in some cases.
Our work aims to develop a new analytical method for determining the tanning degree and the parameters associated with its calculation (combined tannins, hide substance and leather substance) of leathers tanned with vegetable extracts in order to solve this problem. We prepared a wide group of leathers for this purpose, tanned with a mixture of vegetable extracts (mimosa and quebracho) and having different values of the degree of tannage. lnitially, the spectra of leather samples were recorded by Fourier-Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Attenuated Total Reflectance cell (ATR). They were also recorded with Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIR) using a fibre optic module. The subsequent mathematical treatment of spectral signais by a Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) chemometric method enabled the calculation of the parameters studied.
The analytical method proposed has several advantages over the traditional method. It enables direct leather analysis, without any manipulation, in a very short time and without using chemicals. Finally, this method allows systematic, fast and easy process control at a very low cost. Good results were obtained with both spectroscopic techniques used, when compared with those obtained by the traditional analysis.Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES : Apparatus, software and reagents - Methodology - Recording of FTIR and NIR spectra - Processing of data
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Introduction - Quantification of vegetable leather samples from FTIR spectra - Quantificationof vegetable leather samples from NIR spectra - Analytical method proposed to control productionEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ljDF37TWgxKPSfgVfXaOH8K0VP8Y5Wti/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=18836
in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 97, N° 3 (05-06/2013) . - p. 93-100[article]Réservation
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Titre : Compatibility testing of colored cosmetics – A new tool for objective testing near infrared remission spectroscopy (NIR-RS) Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. Rohr, Auteur ; Nikolai Ernst, Auteur ; Annika Schrader, Auteur Année de publication : 2005 Article en page(s) : p. 11-15 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cosmétiques -- Effets physiologiques
Erythèmes
Produits de beauté
Spectroscopie infrarouge procheTags : 'NIR-RS' 'Spectroscopie infrarouge proche' UVB 'Compatibilité de la peau' Bioingénierie 'Réaction érythémateuse' 'Bande Rémission-absorption' Index. décimale : 668.5 Parfums et cosmétiques Résumé : Previous methods for skin compatibility testing of colored cosmetics were limited by their ability to detect erythema reactions (reddening) underneath non-transparent products. The objective of this study is to present a new spectroscopic method to quantify reddening of human skin in vivo below colored cosmetics (e.g. hair dye, lipstick, makeup). The skin compatibility of non-transparent cosmetic products was determined by detection of a remission band in the near-infrared spectral region.
In this study a spectrophotometer with a short arc xenon lamp and a single monochromator on the excitation side as well as an emission monochromator with a near-infrared photodiode (NIR photodiode) on the detection side was used. To induce an erythema reaction different test areas were treated with a 1 molar solution of ammonia. Afterwards they were colored with a permanent oxidative hair dye or lipstick. Before the coloring procedure, the baseline state of the test areas was documented by measuring the remission in the range from 1050 nm to 1250 nm. This measurement was repeated after the erythema reaction had been covered by a colored cosmetic.
The results of data analysis revealed a remission band at approximately 1150 nm that was directly linked to the intensity of the erythema reaction. Non-visible reddening of the skin thus becomes measurable with this new method regardless of the optical properties of the product tested.
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in IFSCC MAGAZINE > Vol. 8, N° 1 (01-02-03/2005) . - p. 11-15[article]Réservation
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Titre : Factors influencing skin moisturization signal using near-infrared spectroscopy Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Johann W. Wiechers, Auteur ; Marchel Snieder, Auteur ; Nico A. G. Dekker, Auteur ; Wei G. Hansen, Auteur Année de publication : 2003 Article en page(s) : p. 19-26 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cosmétiques
Hygrométrie
Peau -- Anatomie et histologie
Peau -- Physiologie
Peau -- Soins et hygiène
Produits hydratants
Spectroscopie infrarouge procheIndex. décimale : 668.5 Parfums et cosmétiques Résumé : The effectiveness of skin moisturizers can be measured by electrical and spectroscopic methods. We explored the benefits of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the investigation of skin moisturization. This technique provides information on the interaction of water molecules with its surrounding structures and has been used to identify whether the water is freely moving, loosely or tightly bound.
We first assessed the penetration depth of NIR radiation and found it to go as deep as the dermis. Using second-derivative spectra, the presence of the various water peaks, representing the different forms of water were identified and we derived a "total water" parameter from this. We used this parameter to study the influence of anatomical site, gender and age volunteer, emotional status of the subject and effect of smoking and relative humidity on the occurrence, abundance and type of water.
The anatomical site certainly contributed to the overall variability in signal, as did gender, age and smoking. Care had to be taken near blood vessels as blood components could interfere with the signal, as well as the location of the measuring spot. Whereas the gender of volunteers could be easily detected in a spectrum, possibly based on the sex hormones in their blood, we also noted that females had more water in their skin than males. As with superficial water, the deeper water content decreased with age. Smoking also negatively influenced the water content of the skin: smoking aged the skin by about 15 years in terms of its water content.
We conclude that NIR is an interesting new technology that may yield more fundamental insight into the process of skin moisturization, especially when combined with other techniques. However, volunteers need to be very carefully selected, as without this, differences between subjects will obscure the effects of moisturizing ingredients.Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=10612
in IFSCC MAGAZINE > Vol. 6, N° 1 (01-02-03/2003) . - p. 19-26[article]Réservation
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Titre : Introduction à la pratique de la spectrocospie infrarouge Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : A. D. Cross, Auteur ; Claude Rocchiccioli, Traducteur Editeur : Paris : Azoulay Année de publication : 1967 Importance : 129 p. Présentation : ill. Format : 24 cm Note générale : Index Langues : Français (fre) Catégories : Chimie analytique
Spectroscopie infrarouge procheIndex. décimale : 543.08 Chimie analytique - Méthodes particulières Note de contenu : - I. Théorie élémentaire - Usages de la spectroscopie infrarouge - Instrumentation : les appareils et leurs utilisation - Cuves et échantillonnage - Choix de la phase et du diluant de l'échantillon - Prismes et réseaux - Analyse quantitative - Liaison hydrogène - Interprétation d'un spectre
- II. Liste des abréviations - Tableaux de corrélation des fréquences de groupes - Tableaux des fréquences (et des longueurs d'onde) d'adsorption des groupes - Tables des inversesPermalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=921 Réservation
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Titre : Microbiological and near IR studies of leather from hides presoaked in formulations that can remove hardened bovine manure Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Mila L. Adelma-Ramos, Auteur ; Zerlina E. Muir, Auteur ; Daniel K. Y. Solaiman, Auteur ; Suzanne Schreyer, Auteur Année de publication : 2012 Article en page(s) : p. 302-310 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Antimicrobiens
Carbonate de sodiumLe carbonate de sodium est un composé chimique ayant pour formule Na2CO3. Il s'agit d'un sel de sodium de l'acide carbonique. Dans le langage courant, on parle aussi de soude ou de cristaux de soude, à cause de son contenu en sodium et de sa forme habituellement cristalline. Par contre, il ne faut pas confondre le carbonate de sodium avec la soude caustique ou encore avec le bicarbonate de soude.
Dioxyde de chlore
GlycérineLe glycérol, ou glycérine, est un composé chimique de formule HOH2C–CHOH–CH2OH. C'est un liquide incolore, visqueux et inodore au goût sucré, utilisé dans de nombreuses compositions pharmaceutiques. Sa molécule possède trois hydroxyles correspondant à trois fonctions alcool responsables de sa solubilité dans l'eau et de sa nature hygroscopique. Un résidu glycérol constitue l'articulation centrale de tous les lipides de la classe des triglycérides et des phosphoglycérides.
PROPRIETES PHYSIQUES : Le glycérol se présente sous la forme d'un liquide transparent, visqueux, incolore, inodore, faiblement toxique si ingéré (mais laxatif à haute dose), au goût sucré.
Le glycérol peut se dissoudre dans les solvants polaires grâce à ses trois groupes hydroxyles. Il est miscible dans l'eau et l'éthanol ; et insoluble dans le benzène, le chloroforme et le tétrachlorométhane.
Son affinité avec l'eau le rend également hygroscopique, et du glycérol mal conservé (hors dessicateur ou mal fermé) se dilue en absorbant l'humidité de l'air.
- PROPRIETES CHIMIQUES : Dans les organismes vivants, le glycérol est un composant important des glycérides (graisses et huiles) et des phospholipides. Quand le corps utilise les graisses stockées comme source d'énergie, du glycérol et des acides gras sont libérés dans le sang.
- DESHYDRATATION : La déshydratation du glycérol est faite à chaud, en présence d'hydrogénosulfite de potassium (KHSO3) et produit de l'acroléine
- ESTERIFICATION : L'estérification du glycérol conduit à des (mono, di ou tri) glycérides.
- AUTRES PROPRIETES : Le glycérol a un goût sucré de puissance moitié moindre que le saccharose, son pouvoir sucrant est de 0,56-0,64 à poids égal13.
Le glycérol a des propriétés laxatives et diurétiques faibles.
Comme d'autres composés chimiques, tels que le benzène, son indice de réfraction (1,47) est proche de celui du verre commun (~1,50), permettant de rendre "invisibles" des objets en verre qui y seraient plongés.
Peaux brutes -- Nettoyage
Peaux brutes -- Trempe
Spectroscopie infrarouge procheIndex. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : New efficient eco-friendly soaking methods are urgently needed to clean manure from raw hides for storage and shipment abroad of the ~35M bovine hides annually produced in USA. High concentrations of surfactant (~0.15% (w/w)) and biocide (~0.10%(w/w)) in commonly used presoaking solution are functional for eliminating microbial contamination, but these are quite unfriendly to the environment and are also inefficient in removing the damaging adobe-type manure. We found that a much lower concentration of surfactant (~0.0375% (w/w) and biocide (~0.025% (w/w) are sufficiently effective when crude glycerol and sodium carbonate are incorporated in the presoaking formulation. Using lower concentrations, the efficiency in removing hardened manure improved and ~70% microbial growth inhibition was still observed. Furthermore, significant manure smell reduction and additional microbial inhibition are observed when chlorine dioxide is also added. No chemical and structural alterations on finished leather samples made from the presoaked hides were observed based on non-denaturing Near Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy analysis. The leather products made from hides that were presoaked in newly developed formulations showed comparable or even better mechanical properties than the control leather products obtained from traditionally treated hides. Considering the low cost in the procurement and the presence of other ingredients in it that have enhanced the efficiency in softening and removing of adobe type manure, crude glycerol is quite desirable as an ingredient in the new eco-friendly presoaking formulation. Note de contenu : - EXPERIMENTAL METHODS : Materials - Soaking/manure removal processes - Microbial growth studies - Near-IR analysis of manure and leather product samples
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : Soaking/manure processes - Near IR spectra of the leather samples from presoaked hide samples - Microbiological growth inhibition studies
- TABLE I : Qualitive comparison of adobe type manure removal from hide sample with manure clinging tightly through the hair. Removal efficiency is directly proportional to the # of X after 2h soaking
- TABLE II : Presoaking formulations where only a fraction of the standard soaking formulation was used with varied amounts of other cleansing agents
- TABLE III : Presoaking formulations used for microbiological inhibition studies on petri platesEn ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1P7qRdnviTrqEHoUAmFPQ5mo5wtnDxdpt/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=16061
in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CVII, N° 9 (09/2012) . - p. 302-310[article]Réservation
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