Continuous automatic beamhouse processing. III. Effects of processing conditions on the rapid soaking and unhairing of cattlehides / D. J. O'Brien in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXIX (Année 1984) . - p. 370-380 Titre : Continuous automatic beamhouse processing. III. Effects of processing conditions on the rapid soaking and unhairing of cattlehides Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : D. J. O'Brien, Auteur ; M. Komanowsky, Auteur ; G. E. Senske, Auteur ; W. K. Heiland, Auteur Année de publication : 1984 Article en page(s) : p. 370-380 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Rapid soaking and unhairing of brine-cured cattlehides are integral functions of the continuous automatedd beamhouse process developed at the Eastern Regional Research Center of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Experiments in the continuous beamhouse pilot plant facility determined that effective unhairing in 10 mins could be accomplished with 4%-6% Na2S (100 % basis). Lower Na2S concentrations required longer contact times or control of salt levels in the unhairing liquor. Estimates of chemical and water use are also presented. Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=9082 [article]

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Drying of leather with microwaves / M. Komanowsky in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXV (Année 1990)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXXV (Année 1990) . - p. 131-141 Titre : Drying of leather with microwaves Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. Komanowsky, Auteur Année de publication : 1990 Article en page(s) : p. 131-141 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : The characteristics involved in microwave drying of leather were studied at atmospheric pressure and under vacuum. The temperature of the leather during drying was varied over a wide range by varying the energy input, by increasing the air flow in microwave-assisted hot air drying, and by increasing the vacuum. Experimental data are presented, describing temperature buildup and drying rates as functions of moisture content and drying time. Differences in physical properties and area yield at different drying conditions are discussed as well. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JR8igokM5v7HfAYtabyDyxXi5KNb3Lmx/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8625 [article]

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Moisture-solid relationship accompanying drying of leather / M. Komanowsky in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXV (Année 1990)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXXV (Année 1990) . - p. 6-18 Titre : Moisture-solid relationship accompanying drying of leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. Komanowsky, Auteur Année de publication : 1990 Article en page(s) : p. 6-18 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : By using mathematical principles of surface chemistry and knowledge about the structure of collagen and hides, it is possible to follow the events which occur during different stages of water removal from leather. When water Is removed from the space between fibrils, lateral shrinkage of fibers occur. High-rate, longitudinal shrinkage of fibers takes place when the ends of successive molecules in the same row approach each other. Whereas this is observed to occur where the average moisture content drops from about 50% (moisture-free basis) to about 27%, mathematical evidence is presented which indicates that longitudinal shrinkage diminishes actually at about 9% moisture content when end-to-end contact between molecules is prevented due to accumulation of chrome in the region of d-bands of positively stained fibrils of collagen seen by electron microscopy. This may be one of the mechanisms through which tanning prevents bonding of molecules together and preserves elasticity and flexibility in leather. Calculations show that chemical or physical reaction between different parts of the hide structure should be small if the moisture content in every part of the hide or leather is kept above roughly 13%. Using published information, mathematical equations are derived describing shrinking and stressing of leather during drying. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pJ72h_MBHwe38r8UGcmQWA_MCkL82qHr/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=8603 [article]

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Reduction of tannery waste volume through countercurrent reuse of process streams / M. Komanowsky in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. XXVII (Année 1982)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. XXVII (Année 1982) . - p. 206-223 Titre : Reduction of tannery waste volume through countercurrent reuse of process streams Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. Komanowsky, Auteur ; G. E. Senske, Auteur Année de publication : 1982 Article en page(s) : p. 206-223 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675.2 Préparation du cuir naturel. Tannage Résumé : Tannery effluents are expensive to treat - biologically because of their high waste loads and physiochemically because of their large volumes. Countercurrent reuse of all prechrome processing streams in a manner similar to classical multistage leaching drastically reduced the effluent volume generated in the preparation of hides for tanning (to between 1/10 and 1/20 of the present volume). Pretreatment of process streams was limited, consisting only of ammonia recovery from the bating solution, sludge separation from the unhairing effluent, and pH adjustement of the post-relime and post-bate wash waters. The resulting leathers were comparable in physical strength and visual appareance to those made conventionally , although they had a slightly less uniform coloration when dyed than conventionally produced leather. This problem was partially eliminated by adding detergent, and by increased mechanical action. This report contrasts countercurrent with conventional processing in terms of the chemical composition of the hides and of the effluents at corresponding processing stages. The benefits derived from this processing approach with regard to pollution are also discussed. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1M0g2XDu7fJ-ZwxEWUWyqLsBZ6arz4GBA/view?usp=share [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=17444 [article]

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Stress-relaxation behavior of leather / M. Komanowsky in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXX, N° 8 (08/1995)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. LXXXX, N° 8 (08/1995) . - p. 243-256 Titre : Stress-relaxation behavior of leather Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : M. Komanowsky, Auteur ; P. H. Cooke, Auteur ; W. C. Damert, Auteur ; Paul L. Kronick, Auteur ; Michael D. Mcclintick, Auteur Année de publication : 1995 Article en page(s) : p. 243-256 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Leather exhibits a complicated mechanical behavior that can be best explained by using concepts of theoretical viscoelasticity. To permit a mathematical description of the time dependent properties of leather under different testing conditions, springs and dashpots are used. A six-element model comprised of three Maxwell units in parallel satisfactorily described stress-relaxation properties of leather. Scanning-electron micrographs reveal that fibers remain desegregated upon drying of leather in the presence of fatliquor, while stress-relaxation tests show that relaxation moduli and relaxation times decrease with increase in fatliquor content as well as with increase in temperature and moisture content. The results obtainable by the stress relation method should find application in process control, specification acceptance and service evaluation. En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dkdbEL3N0LXOtqLxYcgp14wJEYrKJuMV/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=7932 [article]

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The maillard reaction - its possible influence on the physical properties of leather / M. Komanowsky in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXIV (Année 1989)  

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Use of poly(vinyl stearate) for fatliquoring / F. Scholnick in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. LXXXVIII, N° 1 (10/1993)  

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