Cuirs et peaux. Classement des peaux brutes de bovins fraîches et salées d'après l'aspect et la masse - Norme NF 51-001 / Association Française de Normalisation (Paris) / Saint-Denis La Plaine : Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR) (1970)

Titre de série : Cuirs et peaux Titre : Classement des peaux brutes de bovins fraîches et salées d'après l'aspect et la masse - Norme NF 51-001 Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Association Française de Normalisation (Paris) , Auteur Editeur : Saint-Denis La Plaine : Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR) Année de publication : 1970 Importance : 6 p. Présentation : ill. Format : 30 cm Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Défauts -- Classification Cuirs et peaux -- Normes Cuirs et peaux de bovins Peaux brutes -- Classification Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : La présente norme a pour objet de fixer un mode de classement des peaux de bovins destinées à la fabrication du cuirs. Elle s'applique aux peaux de bovins, fraiches et salées Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=19322

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Leather defects originating at the farm and at the abattoir / Betty M. Haines in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 62, N° 2 (03-04/1978)

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 62, N° 2 (03-04/1978) . - p. 25-47 Titre : Leather defects originating at the farm and at the abattoir Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Betty M. Haines, Auteur Année de publication : 1978 Article en page(s) : p. 25-47 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Défauts Cuirs et peaux -- Défauts -- Classification Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Most of the grain defects in leather occur during the life of the animal on the farm and, indeed, the quality of the leather lies very much in the hands of the farmer, but the farmer is generally unaware of the extent of the damage or the financial losses involved. In the last year an exhibit produced by BLMRA and the Leather Institute has been shown at agricultural shows with the aim of showing the farmer how the damage may be minimised. On the same subject, a paper has been given to the Dermatology Group of the British Veterinary Association and also to the Association of Meat Inspectors. During the preparation of this paper a selection was made from the large collection of photographs of skin diseases made by BLMRA over the years. As it is the first time these photographs have been collected together in this form, this paper is presented here for the interest of tanners. The aesthetic quality of leather depends to a very great extent on the fine smooth outer or grain surface, which is exposed once the tanner removes the epidermis and hairs by means of chemicals during the early stages of processing. Character is given to this surface by the mouths of the hair follicles, which are grouped in patterns that are distinctive according to the animal type from which the skin was taken. For example, Fig. 1 shows the grain surface of leather prepared from cattle hide and here the follicle mouths are all equal in size and arranged in rows. Figure 2 shows the grain surface of leather produced from fine woolled sheep, such as Merino: here the numerous wool follicles are arranged in groups. This outer surface of the leather is frequently marred by damage to the skin during the life of the animal, damage caused by parasites, abrasion, dung and the injections and brands applied by the farmer. In the United Kingdom the main bulk of leather is produced from skins of cattle and sheep, so the defects in this paper are restricted to these two animal types. Note de contenu : - Damage by parasites - Genetic defect - Vertical fibre - Ribbiness in sheepskins - Mechanical damage to the skin - Barbed wire - Freeze branding - Injection - Damage at the abattoir Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=30172 [article]

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Leather defects originating at the farm and at the abattoir / Betty M. Haines in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 61 et 62 (Années 1977 et 1978)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 61 et 62 (Années 1977 et 1978) . - p. 25-45 Titre : Leather defects originating at the farm and at the abattoir Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Betty M. Haines, Auteur Année de publication : 1978 Article en page(s) : p. 25-45 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Défauts Cuirs et peaux -- Défauts -- Classification Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Most of the grain defects in leather occur during the life of the animal on the farm and, indeed, the quality of the leather lies very much in the hands of the farmer, but the farmer is generally unaware of the extent of the damage or the financial losses involved. In the last year an exhibit produced by BLMRA and the Leather Institute has been shown at agricultural shows with the aim of showing the farmer how the damage may be minimised. On the same subject, a paper has been given to the Dermatology Group of the British Veterinary Association and also to the Association of Meat Inspectors. During the preparation of this paper a selection was made from the large collection of photographs of skin diseases made by BLMRA over the years. As it is the first time these photographs have been collected together in this form, this paper is presented here for the interest of tanners. The aesthetic quality of leather depends to a very great extent on the fine smooth outer or grain surface, which is exposed once the tanner removes the epidermis and hairs by means of chemicals during the early stages of processing. Character is given to this surface by the mouths of the hair follicles, which are grouped in patterns that are distinctive according to the animal type from which the skin was taken. For example, Fig. 1 shows the grain surface of leather prepared from cattle hide and here the follicle mouths are all equal in size and arranged in rows. Figure 2 shows the grain surface of leather produced from fine woolled sheep, such as Merino: here the numerous wool follicles are arranged in groups. This outer surface of the leather is frequently marred by damage to the skin during the life of the animal, damage caused by parasites, abrasion, dung and the injections and brands applied by the farmer. In the United Kingdom the main bulk of leather is produced from skins of cattle and sheep, so the defects in this paper are restricted to these two animal types. Note de contenu : - Damage by parasites - Genetic defect - Vertical fibre - Ribbiness in sheepskins - Mechanical damage to the skin - Barbed wire - Freeze branding - Injection - Damage at the abattoir En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oE3ftt8_T3iYWXxet23Sg2ouBNfc6m3A/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=35219 [article]

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Leather defects originating at the farm and at the abattoir / Betty M. Haines in JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC), Vol. 62, N° 2 (03-04/1978)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY OF LEATHER TECHNOLOGISTS & CHEMISTS (JSLTC) > Vol. 62, N° 2 (03-04/1978) . - p. 25-45 Titre : Leather defects originating at the farm and at the abattoir Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Betty M. Haines, Auteur Année de publication : 1978 Article en page(s) : p. 25-45 Note générale : Bibliogr Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : Cuirs et peaux -- Défauts Cuirs et peaux -- Défauts -- Classification Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Most of the grain defects in leather occur during the life of the animal on the farm and, indeed, the quality of the leather lies very much in the hands of the farmer, but the farmer is generally unaware of the extent of the damage or the financial losses involved. In the last year an exhibit produced by BLMRA and the Leather Institute has been shown at agricultural shows with the aim of showing the farmer how the damage may be minimised. On the same subject, a paper has been given to the Dermatology Group of the British Veterinary Association and also to the Association of Meat Inspectors. During the preparation of this paper a selection was made from the large collection of photographs of skin diseases made by BLMRA over the years. As it is the first time these photographs have been collected together in this form, this paper is presented here for the interest of tanners. The aesthetic quality of leather depends to a very great extent on the fine smooth outer or grain surface, which is exposed once the tanner removes the epidermis and hairs by means of chemicals during the early stages of processing. Character is given to this surface by the mouths of the hair follicles, which are grouped in patterns that are distinctive according to the animal type from which the skin was taken. For example, Fig. 1 shows the grain surface of leather prepared from cattle hide and here the follicle mouths are all equal in size and arranged in rows. Figure 2 shows the grain surface of leather produced from fine woolled sheep, such as Merino: here the numerous wool follicles are arranged in groups. This outer surface of the leather is frequently marred by damage to the skin during the life of the animal, damage caused by parasites, abrasion, dung and the injections and brands applied by the farmer. In the United Kingdom the main bulk of leather is produced from skins of cattle and sheep, so the defects in this paper are restricted to these two animal types. Note de contenu : - Damage by parasites - Genetic defect - Vertical fibre - Ribbiness in sheepskins - Mechanical damage to the skin - Barbed wire - Freeze branding - Injection - Damage at the abattoir En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oE3ftt8_T3iYWXxet23Sg2ouBNfc6m3A/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=40487 [article]

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Machine vision inspection system for detection of leather surface defects / Malathy Jawahar in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CXIV, N° 1 (01/2019)  

[article]  inJOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA) > Vol. CXIV, N° 1 (01/2019) . - p. 10-19 Titre : Machine vision inspection system for detection of leather surface defects Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Malathy Jawahar, Auteur ; K. Vani, Auteur ; Chandra Babu Narasimhan Kannan, Auteur Année de publication : 2019 Article en page(s) : p. 10-19 Note générale : Bibliogr. Langues : Américain (ame) Catégories : Analyse d'image L'analyse d'image est la reconnaissance des éléments contenus dans l'image. Il ne faut pas confondre analyse (décomposition en éléments) et traitement (action sur les composantes) de l'image. Cuir Cuirs et peaux -- Défauts -- Classification Cuirs et peaux -- Texture Détection de défauts (Ingénierie) Imagerie (technique) Qualité -- Contrôle Réseaux neuronaux (informatique) Index. décimale : 675 Technologie du cuir et de la fourrure Résumé : Leather quality inspection is very important in assessing the effective cutting value that can be obtained from the leather. Current practice involves an expert to inspect each piece of leather individually and detect defects manually. However, such a manual inspection is highly subjective and varies quite considerably from one assessor to another. Often this subjectivity leads to dispute between the buyer and the seller of the leathers and hence attempts are made to automate this. Automatic leather defect classification is a challenging research problem due to the difficulties that arise when segmenting defects from the leather background and determining the characteristics that describe the defects objectively. The present study describes application of machine vision system to capture leather surface images and the novel multi-level thresholding algorithm to segment defective and non-defective regions of leather followed by texture feature extraction to objectively quantify the leather surface defects. A dataset consisting of 90 leather images comprising 20 good leather and 50 defective samples has been used in the study. Experimental results on the leather defect image library database achieved an accuracy of 90% using neural network as classifier, confirming potential of using the proposed system for automatic leather defect classification. Note de contenu : - Materials - Image acquisition system - Image analysis - Image segmentation - Feature extraction using texture analysis - Defect classification using artificial neural network En ligne : https://drive.google.com/file/d/19bCDm5My0DozDCYyRxrzlQuQkzRwxUhI/view?usp=drive [...] Format de la ressource électronique : Pdf Permalink : https://e-campus.itech.fr/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=31549 [article]

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Studies on selective defect identification of crust leathers for computer-aided grading / S. Nithiyanantha Vasagam in JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION (JALCA), Vol. CVIII, N° 6 (06/2013)  

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